Cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening programme for women in rural China

In low and middle-income countries mammographic breast cancer screening is prohibitively expensive and a cheaper alternative option is to use ultrasound as the primary screening test. In 2009, China launched a breast cancer screening programme for rural women aged 35–64 years with clinical breast examination coupled with ultrasound as the primary tool. Our study aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness of breast screening compared to no screening among Chinese rural women. We developed a Markov model to estimate the lifetime costs and effects for rural women aged 35 years from a societal perspective. Asymptomatic women in the intervention arm were screened every 3 years before age 64 years. Breast cancer in the non-screening arm can only be diagnosed on presentation of symptoms. Parameter uncertainty was explored using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Compared to no screening, breast cancer screening cost $186.7 more and led to a loss of 0.20 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Breast screening was more expensive and did harm to health among rural women with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $-916/QALY. The sensitivity analysis identified utility loss from false positives as the factor that most influenced the results, but this did not affect the conclusions. In a rural setting with such low breast cancer incidence, screening for asymptomatic disease is not cost-effective with current screening tools. Priority should be given to ensure that symptomatic women have proper access to diagnosis and treatment at an early stage as this will lead to mortality reductions without the usual screening harms.     

两种保留自主神经D3根治术治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及生存质量比较

目的比较腹腔镜保留自主神经D3根治术与开腹术治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及生存质量差异。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年8月间84例低位直肠癌患者资料，根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组(n＝46)和开腹组(n＝38)，应用SPSS21.0软件完成数据分析。手术相关指标采用( ±s)表示，独立样本t检验；并发症发生率、复发率及生存率等指标采用χ²检验；P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组患者的手术时间长于开腹组(P<0.05)，而术中出血量、住院时间、尿管保留时间、肛门排气时间均短于开腹组(均P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率为6.5%低于开腹组的26.3%(χ²＝4.6517，P<0.05)。两组患者1年局部复发率及生存率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。腹腔镜组患者术后10 d排尿功能、术后2个月勃起功能、术后2个月射精功能均优于开腹组(均P<0.05)。 结论腹腔镜保留自主神经D3根治术治疗中低位直肠癌安全性较高，复发率及生存率与开腹术相当，并能显著提高患者的生存质量，值得推广应用。     

智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法在《医学影像学》教学中的应用

目的 探讨智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法在《医学影像学》教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2018 年9 －12 月大连医科大学2015 级本科临床专业4 个班的学生，分为研究组64 名学生（接受智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法教学），对照组64 名学生（接受传统授予式教学法教学）。教学结束后，通过随堂测试评价教学效果，内容包括学生客观考核与主观考评。应用SPSS 19.0 软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 研究组学生客观考核成绩（82.39±9.59）高于对照组（70±11.55），差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；研究组学生在激发学习兴趣（82.9% 比10.6%）、培养影像诊断思维能力及阅片技能（91.3% 比5.6%）、培养独立思考与解决问题能力（88.5% 比7.8%）、培养自主学习与科研创新思维（86.7% 比9.2%）均高于对照组学生，具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.01）；两组学生对智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法改革的认同感或对教学改革的期待（93.3% 比85.4%）无统计学意义。结论 智慧课堂融合任务驱动教学法，提高《医学影像学》教学质量显著，有助于激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生的影像学诊断思维模式、良好的阅片习惯及技能。     

Role of Elective Nodal Irradiation in Patients With ypN0 After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Breast-Conserving Surgery (KROG 16-16)

Background

Given the lack of established indications for elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in ypN0 patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and breast-conserving surgery (BCS), we set out to investigate the role of ENI in ypN0 patients according to subtype and pathologic complete remission (pCR) status.

PICC延续性照护服务现状及制约因素分析

目的从患者和社区医疗机构层面了解PICC延续性照护服务现状并分析制约因素,为PICC维护技术在社区医疗机构的推广提供参考。方法对在株洲市3所三级医院进行PICC置管维护的196例患者采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,对10家社区医疗机构负责人进行半结构式深入访谈。结果 88.8%的PICC带管者平时的维护地点为三级医院,31.1%的患者愿意到社区医院进行导管维护,61.2%的患者因社区诊疗技术不足而不到社区医疗机构进行导管维护。访谈共提取6个主题:人力资源不足,相关知识及技术缺乏,担心风险,收费标准缺乏文件依据,缺乏国家政策支持,建议提高医疗风险的保额。结论社区医院PICC维护情况不容乐观,推进PICC维护进社区存在较多的制约因素,政府、三级医院及社区医疗机构应积极采取对策加以改进,以发挥社区医疗机构初级医疗保健作用。     

Dynamic changes in miR-124 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective: To investigate the changes in serum miR-124 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and elucidate the underlying mechanism by a dynamic monitor.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with ACI and 51 healthy controls were included in our study. Baseline characteristics and blood samples were collected for further analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the serum miR-124 levels. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the effect of miR-124 on iASPP, a protein that inhibits apoptosis stimulating proteins in the p53 family.

Results: Compared with normal controls, the miR-124 levels in the ACI group rapidly decreased at phase 1 (within 24?h after ischemia) (p?<?0.001) and then gradually increased at phase 2 (48?～?72?h after ischemia) (p?<?0.001) and phase 3 (the 7th day after ischemia) (p?<?0.001). The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-124 down-regulates iASPP expression in 293T cells.

Conclusion: The miR-124 levels are down-regulated in ACI patients. The dynamic changes of miR-124 might provide a possible method for the detection of ischemic stroke.

• Highlights

• The difference in miR-124 expression levels between ACI patients and normal controls.

• Dynamic changes of miR-124 expression levels in ACI patients.

• The down-regulation of miR-124 upon iASPP expression.